Major miners are trying to avoid hundreds of millions of dollars in closure costs by selling off pits, as cash is tight due to a prolonged commodities price slump, but the crippling cost of environmental rehabilitation makes it tough to seal deals.

In a cautionary tale, China's MMG Ltd had to hike its estimate of closure provisions more than 60 percent to $378 million for Australia's largest open-cut zinc mine, Century, just months before digging its final ton last year as the reality of what would be involved became clearer.

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